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Statistical independence is expressed in terms of PDFs. Two variables i & j are independent if the [joint PDF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_probability_distribution) for i & j is:
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```math
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p_{xy}(i,j)=p_i(i)p_j(j)
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p_{ij}(i,j)=p_i(i)p_j(j)
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```
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In simpler terms, it means if we know the PDFs of i & j, their joint PDF can be constructed. This implies that:
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